Solar panels are made of photovoltaic cells that capture sunlight and convert it into electricity for homes and businesses. Photovoltaic cells are constructed from silicon, one of the most abundant materials on Earth. When sunlight hits these silicon layers with different electronic properties, they get energized and generate electricity by establishing an electric field between a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other. This process, known as the photoelectric effect, produces the current needed for electricity generation.

Photovoltaic cells are grouped together to form PV panels, generating electricity that can power everything from home appliances to heavy machinery in industries. The arrangement of solar panels is known as solar arrays. As the number of panels increases, the more energy you can generate.